The 2002 Volvo VHD has 3 recalls, the most serious involving wheel spacers that can degrade under heat or demanding operating conditions, loosen the wheel nuts, and ultimately allow a wheel to separate from the truck entirely.
When a wheel spacer loses its ability to maintain clamping force, the wheel nuts work loose, the studs can sustain damage, and a wheel detachment becomes possible at speed, creating a serious crash risk for the truck and other vehicles nearby. There is also a concern with the engine pre-heater system: a wiring harness that was incorrectly assembled can keep continuous electrical power flowing to the pre-heater's relays even after a fuse opens. Rather than cutting the circuit as intended, this condition allows the pre-heater to run unchecked, overheating the unit and potentially damaging nearby engine components that are sensitive to heat.