The 2007 Volkswagen Passat has 7 recalls, the most serious being a driver's frontal airbag inflator that can explode during deployment and send metal fragments into the cabin, risking serious injury or death.
All but one of these recalls address the same underlying airbag defect. The driver's frontal airbag inflator can build excessive internal pressure when deployed, causing it to rupture or explode. Metal fragments can then be propelled toward the driver or other occupants. In some cases the inflator failure can also damage the airbag module itself, preventing the bag from deploying properly in a crash. This defect is linked to long-term exposure to high humidity and temperature, which degrades the inflator's propellant over time, and prior repair attempts have not fully resolved the issue across all affected vehicles, which is why multiple campaigns exist for what is essentially the same hazard.
The remaining recall covers the fuel system. An electrical interruption to the fuel pump control module can cause the fuel pump to stop working, which will stall the engine without warning. A sudden stall, particularly at highway speeds or in traffic, raises the risk of a crash.